Highway Traffic One: Collision Avoidance

It would be a rare individual who has not experienced this artifact of modern culture. Traffic Laze Review  Regardless of one's locale or age, traffic likely ranks among one's more, if not most, annoying experiences.
The advent of the superhighway several decades ago offered prospective relief from traffic. And to a great extent, superhighways, through elimination of traffic signals, creation of multiple lanes, introduction of acceleration on-ramps, removal of steep grades, smoothing of sharp curves, separation of opposing directions of traffic, and other design steps, have succeeded.
But not completely. Slow traffic still occurs, too frequently, on highways.
Why? We likely have an intuitive feel for why, but let's dive a bit deeper and use some precision (aka mathematics, though not too complex) to understand the characteristics of traffic. Traffic Laze Bonus To keep our discussion manageable, we will focus on the road type already mentioned, the superhighway.
We will cover this in two pieces. This article, the first piece, will focus on speed and traffic flow, specifically how much traffic can a highway handle. The second article (titled "Highway Traffic Two: Collective Behavior") will cover how congestion occurs when a highway gets too much traffic.
Definitions, Terms and Calculation Examples
We need to start with a few basic terms and definitions. From our experience (and/or driver's education class), we likely already have a familiarity with these.

• Speed - how fast we are going, normally stated in miles per hour, but here we also need feet per second (i.e. about 1.5 times miles per hour).
• Stopping distance - the distance required to stop a car. Traffic Laze Stopping distance consists of two parts, first the reaction time for the driver to begin depressing the brake and second the braking distance the car travels after the brake is engaged.
• Traffic Flow - the rate cars pass a set point. For this discussion, we will express that in vehicles passing per hour, per lane.
• Acceleration/Deceleration - the degree to which we are increasing or decreasing our speed. Gravity accelerates an object about 32 feet per second per second, and full emergency braking with modern anti-locking brakes can just about create up to a one "g" deceleration, depending on the tire and road condition.

We can do some math using these items.
Let's assume, early in the morning, with traffic light to moderate, cars are moving on the local superhighway at 65 miles per hour, Traffic Laze Reviews spaced on average 300 feet front-to-front (i.e. from the front bumper of any given car to the front bumper of the directly following car). At 65 miles per hour, that is (about) 100 feet per second. With the cars at 300 feet of separation, we divide the 100 feet per second into the 300 feet of separation, to determine that a car passes (in each lane) about every three seconds. With 3600 seconds per hour, and three seconds per car, we divide the time interval of three seconds into the 3600 seconds, and arrive at a traffic flow of 1200 cars per hour per lane.
This calculation of flow, based on speed and separation, stands as a fairly fundamental relation, so let's do another other example. In heavy traffic, speeds might be down to 10 miles per hour, with an average front-to-front distance of 45 feet. Now 10 miles per hour equates to 15 feet a second, and with 45 foot spacing, we have a car every three seconds. That again gives a flow of 1200 cars per hour per lane.
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Of interest, the flow for the "light" early morning traffic and the "heavy" rush hour traffic equal. So "heavy" traffic here more accurately represents "slow" traffic, since from a traffic flow viewpoint, our two examples give the same number. Thus neither is actually "heavy" or "light" relative to each other.
Deceleration gets a bit trickier, but not too much so. Let's take two cars, travelling 65 mile per hour, separated by some distance (not critical yet). And the first car slows at a half "g," or about 15 feet per second per second. The trailing driver takes a second to react, before starting to slow. In that second, the trailing car closes on the leading car by 7.5 feet.
How do we calculate that? Traffic Laze Bonus
When the lead car starts to slow, both cars are traveling at 100 feet per second. With a deceleration of 15 feet per second per second, the lead car, in the one second of reaction time, slows to 85 feet per second. Given a smooth deceleration, the average speed of the lead car during that second was the average of the initial speed of 100 and the speed after one second of deceleration, or 85 feet per second. That averages to 92.5 feet per second. The trailing car traveled 100 feet during the reaction time, while the lead car traveled only 92.5 feet. This gives a closing distance of the trailing car on the lead car at 7.5 feet.
If the trailing car takes two second to react, the trailing car closes 30 feet in the two seconds of reaction time, i.e. not twice the distance but four times the distance. This occurs because the lead car slows to 70 feet per second in the two seconds. The lead car travels at an average of 85 feet per second (the average of 100 at the beginning and 70 at the end of two seconds), Traffic Laze Review  or 170 feet across two seconds. The lead car continued at 100 feet per second for two seconds, traveling 200 feet, bringing it 30 feet closer to the lead car.


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Being Socially Responsible

While traveling in Mumbai where I live, Viral Social Profits Review one is invariably approached by beggars-especially at busy signals. I have found that I am able to spot them in my peripheral vision and then look in the opposite direction so that I don't need to engage with them - see them but don't see them - hear their cries for alms but not listen to them - treat them as if they are not there. I realized how adept I had become at seeing only what I wanted to see, disregarding the rest of the sights that were out there in front of me.
Yet almost 20 years ago, on returning to Mumbai after being out of the country for a spell of 4 years at a stretch, I remember being appalled at the amount of poverty there was in terms of homeless people sleeping on the pavements, stacked like sardines. Viral Social Profits Bonus The 'fresh lenses', I had come back with, made it possible to see things that for years I had completely blanked out. It is easier to avoid looking at the things that can be disconcerting or can trouble us; things that spark a desire to engage in things that we don't want to.
In 1992, when the Heads of States of the world came together at Rio, Brazil for the Earth Summit, they said they needed to make sure of sustainable development in a society. I.e., ensuring growth occurs in such a way, that future generations are not compromised, but have access to the same resources that we have. Viral Social Profits Reviews That summit birthed further discussions and companies got involved and governments began to change and take stands towards sustainable development. Ten years later, at World Summit for Sustainable Development, the focus was on partnerships.
Dr. Paul Toyne wrote, "There appeared to be a role for everyone; governments to provide fair and socially-just laws, businesses to behave responsibly and consumers to think about their actions by reducing waste or asking questions about how and where their goods came from." Thus CSR came into existence - Corporate Social Responsibility. Viral Social Profits Review Do corporates have a responsibility to society? The answer is "Yes". Even beyond profitability, there must be a way to touch and lift up society.
David Livermore writing an article 'Lessons from India: Social Profitability' says, "Take for example, the long time commitment from Indian businesses to serve others while also being financially profitable. While 'corporate social responsibility', 'creative capitalism' and the 'triple bottom line' are relatively new trendy ideas in the West, many Indian businesses have long measured their success by how they care for their most important asset - their people. Viral Social Profits A recent study among the 100 businesses in India found that social mission trumped shareholder value for every executive surveyed - a result that would be unthinkable among their American counterparts."
"ITC, a leading multi-business conglomerate involved in the study said, 'Envisioning a larger societal purpose has always been a hallmark of ITC, the company sees no conflict between the twin goals of shareholder value enhancement and societal value creation.'" He was basically saying that while CSR is a fairly new idea in the West, probably 5-7 years old; it has been integral to Indian businesses for many years. And while that may be true, isn't it a crueler fact that it's not enough? We still look around and find needs that are so huge, Viral Social Profits Review so vast that sometimes our gut response or our instinct is to turn away because the magnitude of the need seems impossible to meet.

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How to Sell Books on Amazon

Authors know that getting their books listed at Amazon is crucial for book sales. The AZ Code Review More and more readers are making Amazon their first place to go to purchase books, and with Amazon's free shipping options and the convenience of shopping from home, that trend is not going to change. But Amazon offers different options to authors to sell their books, which can be both confusing and time-consuming to unravel. Here are some simple ways to maneuver through that process.
Amazon offers basically three ways to sell your book at its online store: 1) listing the book at Amazon and then shipping copies to Amazon, 2) having a seller's account, or 3) selling your book for Kindle. I will focus on just the first two options, which relate to printed rather than digital books.
What are the differences between having Amazon sell your book and your creating a seller's account to sell your book yourself at Amazon? Time and money. As an author, you will have to decide whether time or money is more important to you in working with Amazon, or you can balance out both ways at least until you decide which works best for you. Below are explanations for how to do both and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
List Your Book for Amazon to Sell
How: This requires creating an "Amazon Advantage" account, perhaps aptly named because Amazon rather than the author receives most of the advantage. To join, you need copies of your book, an ISBN, and a bar code. Then visit Amazon Advantage. AZ Code Review Follow the steps but read the fine print. Amazon charges an annual fee ($29.95 currently and nonrefundable whether or not any of your books sell) and its commission is 55% of your retail price. Amazon will notify you to send books and how many. You pay the shipping and have no say over the number you send. If Amazon wants fifty, you pay the shipping on fifty, even if the books don't sell. If Amazon only wants two at a time, you may find yourself making frequent small shipments which can be time consuming and more costly than one large shipment if your book is selling steadily.
Advantage: Once Amazon receives your books and starts selling them, you don't have to deal with mailing out individual orders.
Disadvantages: Not only do you have to pay an annual fee to be listed, but Amazon's 55% commission is very high. For example, a book priced at $25.95 would mean a profit of $11.68 for the author. Remember you also need to figure in the cost of shipping the books to Amazon so your profit will be even lower.
Be an Independent Seller Through Amazon
How: You can't sell your book independently on Amazon until it is listed there, so regardless, your book needs an Amazon Advantage account. You can follow the steps above, become an Amazon Advantage client, and then later tell Amazon the book is no longer available, or if you are traditionally published, published by a subsidy press, or sign up with a distributor like Ingram, your publisher or distributor will create your Amazon Advantage account for you and pay the fees, just giving you the royalties you agreed on with the publisher or distributor. The AZ Code Today, many independent printers and book design firms will also list books at Amazon for self-published authors and simply charge a small flat one-time fee (usually around $50) to list your book for you. The book can be listed as out of stock, meaning Amazon has no copies, and you don't need to send them any.
Once your book has a listing at Amazon, you can open a seller account with Amazon to sell your book independently. First, look up your book title on Amazon. On the right side of the screen for your Amazon listing is a little boxed area with the question, "Have one to sell?" followed by a button to click on that says, "Sell Yours Here." Click the button and follow the steps to list your book and your information. You can list as many copies available as you like, provided you have that many copies in stock. Customers can now buy the book directly from you rather than Amazon. You pay nothing to Amazon until the book sells.
Advantages: The advantages are many, especially in terms of your profit. Rather than take 55% in commission like with an Amazon Advantage Account, Amazon takes something closer to 25%. Amazon also gives you a $3.99 credit to ship your book, which should pay the cost of shipping if you ship via media mail. So for example, that $25.95 book we used as an example previously and which weighs about one pound, will cost you $2.77 to mail. Amazon pays you $23.71 for the sale, including the $3.99 for shipping) which means your profit is $20.94 (about double the $11.68 minus shipping had you sold it through Amazon Advantage).
Another advantage to an individual seller account is that while Amazon may list your book at retail of $25.95, in your seller account you can list it slightly under that price so it appears less expensive to customers. You can also list the book, not only as "New" but include that it is autographed by the author and personally shipped by him or her. Even if you sign the books you ship directly to Amazon, Amazon won't advertise for you that they are autographed, so listing your books on your seller account as "signed by the author" may be an advantage for you. Many readers will feel an autographed book is of more value than one that is not.
A final advantage is that you get your buyer's address and email information, so you know more about your customer than you would if Amazon had sold the book. You can retain that information for future marketing mailings or updates to the customer when your next book comes out. Eventually, you might persuade the customer to buy directly through your website rather than through Amazon, thus giving you a greater profit in sales.


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Outsourcing Lead Generation Services for Better Results

Market researches show HypeSprout Reviews that companies implementing outsourced B2B lead generation plans have greater chances of capturing quality leads than those using in-house services.
Using outsourced lead generation services means entrusting a vendor company with the responsibility of delivering quality leads that actually convert into lucrative sales. So naturally this means that outsourcing is results in greater conversion rate and improved business sales figures.

• Efficient client profiling is integral to lead generation services

The service vendors apply numerous methods to find out every bit of useful information about prospects related to the demography such as their buying patterns, needs and behaviors. Most importantly, these service providers approach the sales process entirely from the prospects' standpoint and therefore make it easy for you to understand what exactly the prospects want. HypeSprout Review In fact the service provider conducts in-depth company research to find out the latest and the relevant data including the identifying prospect company's decision marker. All these finally help in efficient target marketing.
Lead generation services vendors provide you the qualified leads and therefore you need not waste your time pursuing someone who hasn't shown a clear need for your products/services, or who doesn't have the necessary budget to acquire them. Instead you can focus on prospects who are interested in what you are selling, need it, and can afford to buy it.
The service vendors perform due follow-up and nurture the opportunities until the time they become qualified leads. HypeSprout Bonus Lead generation services are designed to leverage several different channels to stay top of mind with these prospects till they are all set to make the purchase.

• Use different channels for lead generation services

The service provider's teams usually adopt a multichannel approach to generate leads. A proficient and seasoned B2B lead generation outsourcing partner will make use of a mix of lead channels including networking, online and offline communication, list building from multiple sources, popular communication channels with the prospects' social groups, etc to maintain constant connect with the prospects. HypeSprout This considerably helps reduce the risk associated with the use of a single lead generation channel.

• Comparison between in-house and outsourced lead generation services

Generally it takes a while to judge whether an internal lead generation team member is a good performer and in producing consistent results. It takes even longer to train him to the industry ways and your methods of generating leads. And if the person does not turn out to be suitable for the job you have start all over. HypeSprout Reviews On the other hand it won't take more than a couple of months to understand whether services vendor you have contracted is performing as per your expectation.
Very honestly most of the companies do not have a conclusive idea when it comes to defining a qualified lead. This can be a major problem and therefore it is advisable to hire outside experts who can provide assistance in developing proper processes and content to capture quality leads the right way. HypeSprout Bonus In-house teams are usually found to give hardly any importance to things like universal lead definition or customer insights.
Conclusion
Many companies today prefer outsourced lead generation services over in-house resources because these services are proven to deliver better sales leads. This in turn reduces cost and risk and paves the way for improved business growth. HypeSprout Bonus Additionally, availing such services means reduced time to market, enhanced sales leads conversion rate and greater return on investment.
Keeping all these scenarios in mind it can be safely concluded that outsourced lead generation services provide ample advantages over in-house solutions. HypeSprout Reviews And for this reason the industry is growing by leaps and bounds.


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20 Ways to Prepare For a Career in Graphic Design

Many design students have a hard time transitioning from student to Crazykala 2.0 Review employees simply because of a lack of preparation. With the graphic design industry being so competitive, it's important to make yourself stand out from your competitors. Graphic design is a fast-growing industry that requires a lot of skills from employees. Many students struggle with a real graphic design job because they don't know what to expect and become overwhelmed. No matter what stage you are at in your career progression, we have complied a list to better help you prepare for your career.
1. Crazykala 2.0
There are very few young graphic designers that have such a good combination of skills and awareness to be successful right out of the gate. Having a graphic design degree is a great accomplishment and many employers will weigh more heavily on the fact that you have a certificate compared to someone else. Crazykala 2.0 Review You still need a strong portfolio, but having a graphic design degree under your belt will be impressive.
2. Work Hard
Getting your first job out of graphic design school will be hard work. There is plenty of work out there, Crazykala 2.0 Reviews but you have to be proactive about your future and search for it. If you do the proper research and connect with the right people in the industry, it will be easier for you to chase down people who will be in the position to offer you a graphic design job.
3. Figure Out Your Specialization
There are many faucets to graphic design - logo design, business card design, brochure design, identity and branding, magazine and book design and advertising. Find out which channel you enjoy the most and work best in. Crazykala 2.0  Bonus Having a specialization will help you stand out when you're preparing for your career as a graphic designer.
4. Plan Out Your Courses
Plan out your courses for what will best fit your schedule and lifestyle. If you want to start working sooner, work with school counsellors to fast track your graphic design program so you can start working sooner. If you wish to get more classes to expand your design knowledge (which never hurts anyone), you can also work this into your program.
5. Be Nice
Being nice will get you far in the industry. As you prepare for your career as a graphic designer, remember that many employers are extremely busy.  Crazykala 2.0 Review When calling, e-mailing and interviewing with possible employers, remember to be courteous because they are taking the time out of their day to talk with you. Treat people with respect and you're more likely to get the same in return.


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Making Money On Amazon: Become an Amazon Affiliate

In this article I'm going to talk to you about a very different and, potentially, ShopABot Review even more promising way to make money on Amazon. I'll explain how Amazon Associates works and look at whether or not it is as good as it sounds.
With this way of making money on Amazon you don't need to see or touch a single product. In fact, you don't even need to have a product. You don't need to do any selling either. Amazon sees to all that for you. It's a method that, with time and effort, could make you even more money than selling something on Amazon - ShopABot Bonus from a lot less work than a conventional product stocking, buying-and selling operation involves.
It's all possible thanks to Amazon's very clever and comprehensive affiliate program that is known in Amazon-speak as Amazon Associates.
Of course, you're probably saying, affiliate programs are nothing new. And you'd be quite right.
But Amazon Associates isn't just any old affiliate program. It's a program that is tried and tested, highly professional, relatively easy to get started in, and on top of all that free to join. Not only that, but it allows you to hitch a ride on the back of the famous, highly- respected brand that is Amazon. That's why if you're new to affiliate schemes, or have tried others before and been disappointed by the results, ShopABot Reviews Amazon Associates could be well worth a closer look.
What is an affiliate scheme?
You probably know what an affiliate program (or scheme) is, but in case you don't I'll briefly cover what they are here. Essentially, an affiliate scheme is an arrangement which allows one Internet marketeer (you in this case) the opportunity to promote the products and services being sold by another and get paid a commission (or referral fee as it is sometimes known) for doing it. It's a very simple idea and it is proven to work.
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Amazon's affiliate program is a very advanced and sophisticated yet user-friendly affiliate scheme. When you sign up for Amazon's Associates program you don't need any products of your own. Instead, you introduce or refer potential buyers to Amazon's huge and ready-made range of products. More about exactly how that works shortly. If they then buy something, Amazon pays you a commission on the sale.
Put in very simple terms what is happening is that Amazon are paying you for finding and sending them potential customers. Shop A Bot Review It's basically a classic Pay Per Action or PPA arrangement.
You can be an affiliate for all kinds of companies of course. But one of the advantages of being an Amazon affiliate is that people already know and trust the Amazon brand. So it is (or should be) much more likely that those you refer will buy - and buy more - than other unknown or run-of-the-mill affiliate schemes.
How does Amazon work with affiliates?
Amazon call their affiliate scheme Amazon Associates. Actually, that is a bit misleading. When you join you're not really an associate of Amazon. ShopABot Review You're an affiliate pure and simple. The Amazon affiliates program is one of the oldest on the Internet. In fact, Amazon pioneered this method of marketing when the Internet was still in its infancy. It works like this:
1. You set up a website and generate traffic for it.
2. You sign up for the Amazon Associates program.
Once approved by Amazon you have access to a range of tools and techniques which allow you to refer visitors to your site to any or all ShopABot Review of Amazon's portfolio of products.
3. You choose the products you want to promote. You then create affiliate links on your site which point to Amazon. If a visitor to your site clicks on one of the approved affiliate links and goes to Amazon and buys something within a certain time period you get a commission on the selling price.
The pros and cons of Amazon Associates
* Pro. You don't need products or services to sell. You don't need to spend time developing, creating or manufacturing them.
* Pro. You don't need to store, handle or ship products. Amazon does that for you.
* Pro. You don't need to handle payments. ShopABot Bonus Amazon does that for you too.
* Pro. You don't need to provide customer back- up/support. The product supplier does that for you.
Now, I said affiliate schemes are basically simple. And essentially they are. But there are one or two drawbacks you need to know about before you start.
* Con. There can be stiff competition. Because affiliate schemes are simple to get into there can be competition from other people doing much the same thing as you. Lots of people are already Amazon affiliates, so there's already a fair bit of competition to tackle.
* Con. There's no product exclusivity. Anyone else can sell the same products and services as you. And you can't control the price... at least not with Amazon.
You'll need to ShopABot Reviews choose a good niche and work hard to persuade customers to buy through you - more about all this later.
* Con. It's not an entirely hands-off business - despite the claims made by some people promoting affiliate schemes. You'll still need a website (in most cases). ShopABot Review You'll need to spend time and money generating traffic for it. That can be tricky when you're new to the whole thing.


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Five Cheap Wedding Ideas for Wedding Locations

There are plentiful creative ways to implement Covert Geo Targeter Review cheap wedding ideas without foregoing what is most important to you. Choosing the wedding scene is the first step in planning a wedding. Since wedding locations contribute the major amount to the wedding financial plan, it would be sensible to choose an economical wedding venues or even free! Here we provide you some cheap wedding ideas for your venues either for the vow ceremony or reception.
1. Home sweet home
Instead of paying for a venue, why not have it at your own home. You would be saving a whole lot more by having at your own house. Covert Geo Targeter Bonus Although this would depends on the primness of your wedding, it would definitely suit a relaxed casual affair or a BBQ wedding, however if you choose for a more ceremonial wedding reception, you will need to ponder the additional budgets involved when leasing marquees with seats and tables. Car park spaces also may be problematic if the garden is not huge enough or you have too countless visitors.
2. Consider the non-traditional
A garden's charge rate is considerably lower than renting hotels or ballrooms. Rent out a government built hall also is economical than a private created hall although they may have to oblige to certain guidelines and procedures that may have to be tolerated by. Covert Geo Targeter Reviews Even consider a bed and breakfast or an art galleria or academy for your function. Try to hunt for different places to hold a reception; new places are likely to charge less and offer more rebates to interest more clients. You would need an accurate weather check if having a wedding function held in the gardens to escape the weather ruin. A night wedding party at gardens will be wonderfully lovely but a party ruined with heavy rain and mud will leave a not-so-wonderful impression to the visitors.
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3. Family member residence
If you have an uncle who maintains a house with a courtyard opposite a lake or stunning view, why not demand to have the wedding declaration facing it then wedding reception can be prepared at the courtyard. This will definitely cut budget considerably (location most possibly be free!) and you get to have a wedding with an attractive view! Furthermore, Covert Geo Targeter Review you could also have a wedding at small urban instead of big capitals. The whole thing will be more cheaper anyway hence save you more money.
4. Escape Saturdays
Charge fee will be likely to bombard up even doubled during the weekends especially on Saturdays. It's appropriate, it's old-fashioned, and it's what most publics are used to. And because it's the most public day, it's also the most costly.  Covert Geo Targeter Bonus Try to avoid your ceremonial on Saturdays, instead try to have it on Sundays or Fridays or even at the start of school breaks. Public and bank holidays will be an excellent time to have weddings too.
5. Choose one location instead of two
Instead of taking two different spots for the interchange of vows and reception, try to arrange them together at the same location. Certain places even let you use the same location for wedding vows for free such as Dewan Tabung Haji, Kuala Lumpur. Covert Geo Targeter Review This will not only be easier for the visitors not having to travel to two separate places but be easier on the wallet as well.


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